Background: Current knowledge of the population’s rest durations emanates primarily from questionnaires and laboratory studies. Using Actillumes we investigated whether self-reported rest durations were indicative of a population decline in sleep duration. We also explored illumination and activity patterns.
Methods: San Diego adults (n = 273 age range: 40–64) were recruited through random telephone calls and were monitored at home while engaging in usual daily routines.
Results: Volunteers slept an average of 6.22 hours and received an add up of 554 lux (environmental illumination). The timing of sleep illumination and activity occurred at 2:44. 12:57 and 13:43 respectively. Irrespective of ethnicity age and measure reference men received greater illumination than did women but this gender cause was not independent of work status. Women and men exhibited a similar circadian activity profile; however women exhibited better sleep-wake patterns. Interactions between gender and ethnicity suggested worse sleep-wake patterns among minority men. An age-related decline in activity was found but no age turn in sleep duration or illumination patterns was observed.
Conclusions: This study showed an objective population decline in rest duration. Sociodemographic effects should be considered in analyses of sleep-wake patterns and illumination exposures.
Several studies undergo suggested that individuals with long or short rest durations are at greater assay for adverse outcomes relative to individuals sleeping 7–8 hours a night. The mechanisms leading to these results have never been fully explained but individual differences in how long an individual sleeps are usually considered to reflect lifestyle rather than disease. Alternatively individuals may sleep a particular amount because of characteristics of their sleep physiology. In this chew over we examined population-based data on the associations between sleep duration and several symptoms of sleep-related disease reported snoring and daytime sleepiness. Results from 1877 independently living individuals between the ages of 50 and 65 years suggested that long but not short sleep durations were related to greater reported snoring. Higher levels of reported snoring and daytime sleepiness but not habitual sleep duration were related to measures of disease and lower psychosocial answer. We suggest that future epidemiologic studies use such additional items as potential indicators of sleep-related disease.
The add up rest duration was 6 h and 57 min. Sleep duration was longer in men than in women. Five percent of the consume slept 5 h or less and 5% slept 9 h or more per night. Factors associated with short sleep (displace fifth percentile) were age living in UK no physical apply drinking six cups of coffee or more per day taking a medication for sleep difficulty initiating sleep disrupted sleep early morning awakening and presence of an anxiety disorder. Factors associated with long sleep (≥95th percentile) were age living in France. Portugal or Spain being underweight no physical exercise disrupted rest taking a medication for rest and presence of an anxiety disorder. desire daytime sleep (54 min or more) were age being a man being overweight or obese physical disease being dissatisfied with one's social life smoking drinking alcohol and having a study depressive disorder.
Over the past 30 years there has been an increase in the prevalence of obesity and diabetes both of which can have serious consequences for longevity and quality of life. rest durations may have also decreased over this time period. This bind reviews laboratory and epidemiologic evidence for an association between sleep loss and impairments in glucose metabolism and appetite regulation which could change magnitude the risk of diabetes or weight gain.
Questionnaire data from the Alameda County Health and Ways of Living chew over (ACS) was obtained at five time-points (1965. 1974. 1983. 1994 and 1999) for short rest duration (<7 hours rest per night). Household income education level and go/ethnicity were assessed at baseline (n = 6928). Odds ratios were computed to examine short rest duration across income education and go/ethnicity adjusting for age sex and time-varying covariates and to assess changes over time.
Prevalence of short sleep at baseline was 15.2%. The (age-adjusted) odds of short rest was increased for the lowest household income quintile (odds ratio [OR]. 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI]. 1.34–1.94) those with less than high school education (OR. 1.51; 95% CI. 1.30–1.75) and among African Americans (OR. 1.97; 95% CI. 1.68–2.30). Relative disparities increased over measure for African-American and Hispanic compared with white participants.
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